Classical, Biological And Psychological Theories - 901 Words

Early classical, biological and psychological theories have helped shape the burgeoning world of criminology. Many of the ideas they held were unique, however, some key principles are still in use by there modern counterparts. Classical psychological theories, focused on two main concepts; personality and behaviorism. Personality theories helped improve cognitive sciences and behaviorism called attention to social learning with a focus on behavioral conditioning. For example, Ivan Pavlov, a prominent researcher, demonstrated that behavior can be changed by changing conditions associated with the behavior. Personality theories and behavioral conditioning worked, in conjunction, to form the classical psychological theory. (Schmalleger, p.82). This theory attempted to adapt the â€Å"disease model†, which analysts’ hoped would identify the key elements that provoked mental and emotional issues. (Schmalleger, p.82) Researchers in this field used terms like, mental disease, personality disorder and psychopath to try and define individuals suffering from these mental aliments. However, contemporary psychologists have chosen to modify their main focus. In other words, contemporary analysts have one main study of focus for the people that suffer from mental ailments, psychopathology. For example, current psychologists suggest that depression, schizophrenia, alcoholism, ADHD, and psychopathy are all mental alignments associated with psychopathology; psychopathy has been noted as theShow MoreRelatedClassical Theories Vs Psychological And Physical1712 Words   |  7 PagesJohn Anderton, Classical Theories vs Psychological and Physical Passivism 1 The Minority Report movie is about a dubious yet powerful Pre-Crime program that utilizes psychic visions to imprison potential killers before they have acted. The film brings up concerns with the blemishes and disappointments of equity and science against the background of wrongful conviction. The film also deals with mass imprisonment, DNA innovation, and preventive detainment of warehousing criminals on the guise of futureRead MoreA Comparative Study On The Film The Minority Movie 1205 Words   |  5 Pagesavoid criminal movement. Chief John Anderton’s situation who is the head of the Pre-Crime division, falls under the ideas of classical theories in which human beings have individual rights and these individual make everyone equal. Therefore, everyone is equal under the law. He is also falls under the psychological positivism, but not biological positivism. The classical theories argue that human beings have individual rights and these individuals make everyone equal. Therefore, everyone is equal underRead MoreThe Problem Of Criminal Justice System882 Words   |  4 Pagesschools of thought were to classify and punish crimes, however in the recent past we are seeing a shift toward the deterrence and prevention of crime. Early classical, biological, and psychological theories helped shape what is today’s criminal justice system. One of the earliest theories that attempted to explain the cause of crime is classical theory. In 1764, Cesare Beccaria published his Essay on Crimes and Punishments. The book, which contained Beccaria’s thoughts and observations about the criminalRead MoreBiological and Classical School1265 Words   |  6 PagesIntroduction The Classical School of criminology emerged during the eighteenth century after the European Enlightenment period. It was during this time that law enforcement and laws were disparate and unjust and punishment was brutal. Members of the Classical School would demand justice that based on equality and human punishment that was appropriate for the offense. According to Williams and McShane 2009, the Classical School was uninterested in studying the criminal per se; it gained its associationRead MorePsychological Factors That Influence Human Behavior1079 Words   |  5 Pages Unit 15 Level 4: Psychology for Health and Social Care. Submission date: 04/11/2015 Psychological Factors That Influence Human Behaviour Throughout The Life course. Introduction; According to Crawford and Walker(2010), the life course is defined in literature as, â€Å"The progression and path an individual takes from conception to death.† (Crawford and walker, 2012, p.3). The study of the life course and human development is extremely complex and could be described as interdisciplinary as it encompassesRead More Classical Theory: Cesane Beccaria and Jeremy Bentham1626 Words   |  7 Pagesexplore the views of Classical Theory, by looking at Cesane Beccaria, the father of Classical theory and Jeremy Bentham, the founder of Utilitarian and explore how there influences are incorporated into laws and regulations, around the world. Secondly, Positivism theory explores the biological, psychological and environment understanding of what causes the crime, thus having a different understand and method into solving and eliminating crime. By looking at these overarching theories, we can come to understandRead MoreRational Choice Theory: Criminology901 Words   |  4 PagesChoice theory was born out of the perspective of crime causation which states that criminality is the result of conscious choice. This theory is also known as the rational choice theory. According to this theory, the choice whether or not to commit a criminal act is the result of a rational thought process that weighs the risks of paying the costs of committing a crime, against the benefits obtained. In other words, if the benefits--monetary or otherwise--outweigh the risks of sustaining the costsRead MoreInsight Into Criminal Behavior Essay1735 Words   |  7 Pagescriminal behaviors are psychological, sociological, and biological. How do we help rehabilitate criminals? Each approach agrees on a criminal’s devotion to aggressive behavior, but they differ in their conclusions. Psychological involves personality, addressing certain felt needs, and defective mental processes. Sociological deals with cause and control of criminality. The social structures, cultu ral values, peer groups, and family all make-up this approach. The biological approach deals with a person’sRead MoreRational Choice vs. Trait Theory Essay1492 Words   |  6 PagesRational Choice Theory VS. Trait Theory Student Name Criminology : Park University Online Program In this essay I will be comparing and contrasting the Rational Choice Theory(s) and the Trait Theory(s). We will start with the history of the two theories and progress toward some of the individual principles in the theories. Next step will be explaining how each theory contributes to criminal behavior. My closing paragraph will concludeRead MoreThe Lost Boyz Analysis1047 Words   |  5 Pagesbroken youths’ mind (Rollins, 2011). Throughout his book, Rollins depicts the divergent factors responsible for his descend into the criminal lifestyle, ultimately attributing them to two key criminological theories; classicism and positivism (Newburn, 2017). Classicist criminology, or the classical approach to criminal behaviour is centred around the idea of free will and rational thinking, defining the criminal as â€Å"someone who exercises free will and rationality† (Newburn, 2017:125). Rollins’s attributions

Analysis Of The Speech And Language Therapist s Caseload

The treatment of stammering has been reported as one of the least popular aspects of the speech and language therapist’s caseload (St Louis et al1993 cited in Crichton-smith 2002) and speech therapists give negative personality traits to people who stammer (Ruscello et al 1989). The purpose of this study will be to investigate whether the attitudes of SLT’s towards child stammering have an effect on the intervention they are able to provide and what elements impact on this. The focus will be on the speech therapist’s views and the questions will be adapted to cover any new topics that arise. It would be useful to have a growth in knowledge in this area to ensure that speech therapists have the correct teaching and training to have the†¦show more content†¦In addition, this study focuses on clinician attitudes in general towards children who stammer and doesn’t specifically look at their views on therapy for this client group. Therefore, this propo sed study aims to build on the research carried out by Critchton-Smith and focus on the therapy and intervention for children who stammer. Another study that has previously considered this subject is Cooper et al 1996 which looked at clinician’s attitudes towards stutterers and what they do in therapy with clients who stutter. However this study was carried out with Speech and Language therapists in the USA, therefore the proposed study will be carried out with British speech therapists as the attitudes may be very different to those in the USA and may also have changed over the last 20 years after the introduction of various training via Michael Palin and the Lidcombe centre. The cooper study also outlined that 30% of therapists thought that therapy for school aged children would be ineffective if they had no early intervention (Cooper et al 1996) Therefore in this study it would be useful to see if therapist’s attitudes have changed towards providing therapy for those who have not had early intervention. Therefore, after considering the previous literature the justification for carrying out this study would be there has been noShow MoreRelatedA Brief Note On The Stroke Affected The Right Hemisphere Of His Brain Essay2180 Words   |  9 PagesSection A. Client Overview DG was 54 when he suffered a stroke in February 2016. The stroke affected the right hemisphere of his brain, this resulted in a difficulty in understanding high level language e.g. jokes, metaphors and extended pieces of text. Right-sided strokes are associated with patients being emotionally labile, confused and impulsive, these characteristics and their impact were considered throughout DG’s care. Prior to his stroke, he was a carer for his wife, who has dementiaRead MoreEssay on Legal Article Review2785 Words   |  12 Pageshealth care ------------------------------------------------- Write a 700- to 1,050-word analysis of the article or legal case and prepare to present how the issue in the article or legal case relates to the nature, sources, and functions of the law. References Health Care Issues Brief- Acute Care (1997-2012). Retrieved from http://www.asha.org/slp/healthcare/acute_care.htm Changes Impacting Speech-Language Pathology Practice In An Acute Care Medical Setting Reimbursement Issues Health careRead MoreTraining At The University Of Liverpool2359 Words   |  10 Pagesphysiotherapy and to develop specific clinical skills in each, as well as making me a much more adaptable and flexible therapist (0.1). Throughout each of my placements I have readily identified my strengths and weaknesses, thus enabling me to use my weekly and overall placement objectives to aid my own improvement. At the beginning of each placement I carried out a SWOT analysis which I presented to my educators giving a clear outline of my strengths and weakness, and opportunities I would like toRead MoreLearning and Social Care Essay examples30870 Words   |  124 Pagesprinciples for early years provision EYMP 2: Promote learning and development in the early years EYMP 3: Promote children’s welfare and well being in the early years EYMP 4: Professional practice in early years settings EYMP 5: Support children’s speech, language and communication SCMP 1: Assessment and planning wi th children and young people SCMP 2: Promote the well being and resilience of children and young people SCMP 3: Professional practice in children and young people’s social care LDSSMP 1: SupportRead MoreNursing Essay41677 Words   |  167 Pagesappropriate balance. This study was supported by Contract No. 65815 between the National Academy of Sciences and the Robert Wood Johnson Foundation. Any opinions, findings, conclusions, or recommendations expressed in this publication are those of the author(s) and do not necessarily reflect the view of the organizations or agencies that provided support for this project. International Standard Book Number 0-309-XXXXX-X (Book) International Standard Book Number 0-309- XXXXX -X (PDF) Library of Congress ControlRead More_x000C_Introduction to Statistics and Data Analysis355457 Words   |  1422 Pagesto Statistics and Data Analysis This page intentionally left blank Introduction to Statistics and Data Analysis Third Edition Roxy Peck California Polytechnic State University, San Luis Obispo Chris Olsen George Washington High School, Cedar Rapids, IA Jay Devore California Polytechnic State University, San Luis Obispo Australia †¢ Brazil †¢ Canada †¢ Mexico †¢ Singapore †¢ Spain †¢ United Kingdom †¢ United States Introduction to Statistics and Data Analysis, Third Edition Roxy Peck

Effects of Watching Reality Tv Free Essays

Aaliyah Tate English 105 Ms. LoBosco Effect of Reality TV Shows on Teenage Girls The beginning of reality television started in the 1940s. Allen Funt’s Candid Camera went on air in the year 1948. We will write a custom essay sample on Effects of Watching Reality Tv or any similar topic only for you Order Now Candid Camera was a hidden camera television series, which record people who are placed in embarrassing, ridiculous, and hilarious positions, and show their reactions. When people watch reality TV, they tend to think that what they are seeing is a true depiction of reality. Because of that, they tend to believe that what they see on TV is how life really is. Many reality TV shows are created without thinking about its consequences on the mindsets of viewers, especially young viewers. Media companies accept that they make these shows for profit and they do not care about the effects on people. The target audience for most reality TV shows is teens, mostly young girls. These shows have a positive or negative effect on the many viewers and participants. Reality TV didn’t really become popular until the early 2000s. Since reality TV is becoming more popular, girls are turning to these shows for entertainment value and life lessons. There are some positive effects of watching these shows. Girls who watch more of this genre of TV have more confidence in themselves, and also consider themselves mature, smart, funny and outgoing, and a good influence (http://technorati. com). Many viewers think that they can relate to the cast members on these shows. Girls receive inspiration and comfort from reality TV. Most teen girls are obsessed with being beautiful and getting a boyfriend. The way the women look on the shows is how girls want to be and look like (http://www. dailyherald. com). Cast members may be their selves but the things they do are scripted by producers that get teenagers attention. The drama, relationships, partying, and glamorous lifestyle that they portray is entertaining. Reality TV shows expose bad behavior, which make viewers think that what they see is acceptable. In reality, it’s a false reality. Keeping up with the Kardashians, Bad Girls Club, The Real Housewives: The Series, Teen Mom, and Jersey Shore are the main reality TV shows that teens are watching. Most young viewers prefer to watch reality TV shows like those. Each of these shows portrays something which is unrealistic and unaccepted, but audiences don’t realize the impact of these shows (http://www. deseretnews. com). Reality TV is not exactly just real life on camera. Although there are some shows that are more realistic than others, all of them are edited. Scenes are shot over and over for better effect. The shows are edited to make them more interesting and exciting. When viewers watch this sort of show, they believe that reality is filled with conflict and other negative events. The viewer may see exciting things happening to people in these shows and compare those things that are happening to their â€Å"normal† lives. Viewers often make a connection with the actors on screen, and then decide to act as the people they admire. The producers of these shows don’t care how they affect or impact on a person’s life. They try to make these shows look real as possible, even though they are scripted. They shoot scenes over and over until they are satisfied. Reality TV show producers are motivated by money and attention-grabbing drama. They fire cast members who don’t appeal to the audience as well as others. In result, they plot scenarios that will result in over-the-top arguments. â€Å"Bad Girls Club† is a perfect example of this. There is a house with seven girls who don’t know each other and they see what happens. The cast members usually have many arguments and fights. After the fight the girl who threw the first punch gets sent home. They are mostly the girls who do not appeal to the audience. The shows exhibit all the qualities that entertain young girls, and also those that can easily influence them. Young girls tend to think that what they see on TV is how their relationships and lives should be. Reality TV shows give a false image of reality. The people watching them are thinking that everything happening in the show is real. Reality shows show real people and how they react to different situations. Many people are fascinated with watching how people react to different environments and different people. It is unpredictable and surprising. Every episode people are tuned in and curious as to what is going to happen next, which keeps them watching week after week. They only show the glamour and success, but not the hard work and sacrifice that is put into achieving all of it. Most adults are able to distinguish reality from fantasy, however most teenagers are incapable of doing so. Reality TV is like passing a car wreck on the highway- we have to look. How to cite Effects of Watching Reality Tv, Papers

Costco Case Analysis On Leadership @Myassignmenthelp.com

Question: Discuss about theLeadership in Businessfor Costco Case Analysis on Leadership. Answer: The SuccessofCostcoin Termsofthe Followingthree Determinants Employee Commitment Costco is an organization that has the most motivated employees working with them. The commitment of the employees can take different types of forms. These forms are either related to the HR of the company or the employees. Costco believes that the investment done in the employees play a vital role in every organization. The employment policies of Costco are very effective and good for the employees. They believe that if the employees and workers get good wages, salary, benefits, etc. then they work with full capability. The main motive of Costco is to connect the employees with the goals and objectives of the organization. It is observed that if the employees remain in touch with the objectives then they work hard to achieve them. It also reflects the commitment of the employees towards the organization as they are motivated to work more and achieve more. In return, Costco, provide them extra benefits, rewards, incentives that keep the morale of the employees on the top (Avolio, Ya mmarino, 2013). The employees and worker of the Costco are very much connected to the store. They work in Costco as their own organization. It is a type of psychological connection that bounds the employees to work with the organization. This result in trust and loyalty for the organization and the rate of retention remain very less If an employee is emotionally connected to his or her job then they do not feel neglected and unsatisfied. The chance of turnover decreases if the employees are personally attached to their job. Costco always try to make their employees and worker comfortable in the organization. To achieve this objective, they conduct certain activities in their organization so that the employees feel the same. In this way, the effective policies of employment, results in the success of Costco. The behavior of Costco employees is very stable and committed to the work. The performance of the employees is also effective. Costco uses the commitment of the employees towards the goals and objectives of Costco. Therefore, they work for their own as well as for the sake of the organizations. There are many types of commitment takes place in Costco like normative, affective, continuance, etc. such commitments depend on the nature and behavior of the employees and their commitment towards their work. Decision Making The decision making at Costco is takes place by using different types of model depending upon the situation. They use rational models, increment list model, Carnegie model, and garbage model, structured and unstructured models. Depending upon the needs, situations and issues, the decision making process takes place in Costco. It is noticed that Costco do not pay much attention to the stores and the regions. Hence the process of decision making is also done by the employers over there. The top management makes only the meticulous decisions that affect the market share of the company and the market conditions of the same. In order to deduct the risk of any harm on the business in the long term, there is a requirement of long term decision making (Dent, Higgins, Wharff, 2005). In order to achieve an effective planning and decision making in the organization, they have planned to make quick and meticulous decisions so that the management style and practices can be changed as per the requirement in the company. In this way, Costco manage the employees and workers of their organization. Costco also believe that the probability of employee commitment also relates to the connection of an employee towards his or her job. Such types of decisions require more time and attention of the top level of management (Gardner, et.al. (2011). The top level of authority is responsible to structure the company and its core values in an effective manner. The company believes that the process of decision making should be very prominent that it would not harm the future of the company. The decision must be made in an appropriate time and strategic frame so that the risk can be covered and the company can enjoy the competitive advantage from the competitors. The aim of the company is to focus the need and wants of the customers. In order to achieve this goal, the decisions of the company are takes place in accordance of the same. Strategic Management Costco is the second largest retailer of the world due to its strategic management. Here we discuss the major strategic decision taken by the company. It has many types of team like operation steams, critical team, Hr team, etc. they have developed certain standards according to which the management takes place (Hitzhesen, 2016). The Costco operation successfully applied ten types of strategic decisions that are- The design of goods and services of Costco is very unique. Though, they have different segments of their store but they manage all the work though effective management. They try to lower the cost and increase the quality. The management of the quality of goods and services provided by the Costco is also very relevant. The aim of this company is to provide the best quality for their customers. This can be achieved through strategic planning of all the decisions in an organization. The management can takes place through the policies made by the Hr and the operation team of the Costco (Neustadt, 1980). To maximize the capacity of employees, Costco emphasizes of the speed and efficiency of the labor and workers. The main objective is to optimize the effectiveness of cost and the quality of products. The nest major management is of location. Costco tries to cover all the segment of the markets by providing all types of products irrespective of age, caste, etc. it can be achieved through effective decision making for the storage and warehouse of the company (Van, 2010). The management of the employees in Costco is also very strong as the main motive of this company is to make the employees committed to the work not engaged in the work. The major difference is that the engaged employees only work for their own sake but the committed employees turns the work of the organization in their own wok (Geier, 2013). The other decisions related to the strategic management are related to the design of layout and strategies in the organization. They have a well-tested job designs and structure so that no chaos can be created in the employee management. The HR teams are very effective and efficient in terms of employees management. The supply chain management and inventory management of this company is the most effective in nature (Vitez, 2016). Costco Can Provide Higher Compensationand Benefitstoits Employeesand Stillbe Competitive with the Competitors. It has been assumed that now days the trend to increase the profits by cutting the salary and wages of the employees. Despite of this, companies are paying high wages and incentive to the employees and workers of their company so that the performance of them can be increased. It also provides other benefits to not only the company but also the workers working with them. it results in high motivation, increase in the capacity, high level of performance, retention, high skilled labor , etc. this strategy impact the working of the employees on a large extent. According to the Costco new strategies and employment policies, the employees must be offered better than an average wages. It will help to retain the employees by giving them chance of growth and career opportunities in the organization (Stippler, 2011). The business model of Costco is one of the best-cost effective. The approaches used by Costco are low priced supplier approach and the mix that approach so that revenue can be created. They provide wonderful client services, core of conduct, values, treat the staff like the family, concern about the suppliers, satisfy the stakeholders and shareholders, robust the intelligence, etc. they enforce the time and cost saving methods in the operation, production and selling so that they can give discounts to the customers. The main focus of Costco is to increase the sales volume and turnover of the inventory by providing high salary to the employees (Van, Hogg, 2004). There is few strategy of Costco that helps it in effective management- The ultra low cost strategies and policies Effective and efficient employment policies Revenue Generation Programs Costco employment policies depicts that it provides more than average salary and wages to its employees to retain them in the organization. They also provide many types of incentives, benefits, opportunities to grow and development within an organization so that the rate of turnover can be deduct. It helps to maintain good relations with the employees and keep them loyal for the company. It was observed by the researchers that Costco does not send a singe penny in the process of recruitment and selection as they get employees without conducting any drive in their organization. It is one of the employers by choice. The process of theft and misbehave in Costco is also very low that is 0.02%. The managers of Costco believe that this is due to the good wages and incentives policies provided by the Costco to their employees (Cascio, 2006). Costco find that the turnover in the organization is termed as an expensive waste as the company invests a huge amount in the training of new employees and teaching them in the first month of their jobs. The employees can be retented in the organization by merging the warehouse policies to the strong salary progressions for the workforce. Hey provide advancement opportunities to the employees that retented them in the organization for a longer period of time. The salary of a cashier is Costco is $43000 that is more than a twice than the salary of a store cashier. In this way, by providing good salary to the employees, they are enjoying the comparative advantage (Ross, 2016). The leaders of the Costco believe that advancement opportunities for the entry level workers so the success of the company can be accelerated. The growth and development of the company is related to the employment policies in Costco so the senior manager stated that workers must be prepared for the positions of the managers and management positions so that the success can be guaranteed. They have better understanding for the business. The managers have made policies related to the warehouse, functions of store, improvement in the operations, and to provide best support to the staff of the company. The policy of Costco for the recruitment of new employees is very different. They believe that the existing employees have the caliber to be posted within the organization as they are aware about the working of the organization (Lutz, (2014). The workers of the Costco receive a good salary and benefits as compared to the competitors like Wal-Mart. The employees of Costco earned $20.89 per hour that is double the $11.83 for an employee of Wal-Mart. The sales figure of the company is also double as comparison with the competitors. It provides Costco an advantage from the competitors. They do believe that workers must be well paid because of the fact that they have only expertise and skilled labor in their organization. They also want lower in the turnovers and better employees in their organization. They try to keep the satisfaction of the employees on the top by providing them higher wager as compared to the market wages. An economic decisions can be managed though such policies (Hoek, 2013). A Leadership Theoryto Analyzethe BehavioroftheCEO Leadership plays an important role in the organizations whether they are small or big in nature. There are basically two concepts of business that are one is management and the other one is leadership. Leadership is something that helps the organizations to establish a clear vision, establish good relations, accomplishment of goals, resolution of conflicts, and much more (Heymann, Barrera, 2016). Jim Sinegal was an effective chief officer and leader of Costco Wholesale Corporation. He learned many thing from SOL that he applied in the organization like the membership warehouse thought. In the year 1983, he developed one o a strategic mission and believes that is too frequently offer our members with the quality products and service at rock bottom costs possible. He had an awesome talent to manage the structure of the organization at the highest level through his contingency theory of leadership. He was able to manage the worst stations in the healthiest way. The type of leadership adopted by Jim Sinegal was customer focused leadership. His InfluenceontheCompany Jim Sinegal had a great and significant influence on Costcos. He had created a culture in which there is no division between the staff and the leaders of the company. Jim Sinegal was an effective chief officer and leader of Costco Wholesale Corporation. Every member of an organization is on the same page when it related to the Costcos customers and their satisfaction. Each and every employee knows that the major role of them is to create the right environment for the employees and employers. They pay fair and right wages to their employees that reflect that Costco knows the importance and value of their employees. Jim Sinegal was an authentic leader who always supports authenticity in the organizations. Authentic leaders are the leaders who are real and focus on the authenticity in the leadership. It had created a huge impact on the Costcos image in the market. They provide wonderful client services, core of conduct, values, treat the staff like the family, concern about the suppliers, satisfy the stakeholders and shareholders, robust the intelligence, etc. they enforce the time and cost saving methods in the operation, production and selling so that they can give discounts to the customers. The customers and other stake holders were very impressed and attracted towards the authenticity of the store. The goods and products that were available are good in quality, quantity and variety. In this way, Costco were become one of the famous warehouse and store of the world (Pallarito, 2012). Mr. Sinegal was an authentic leader as he understood his role in the Costco is as similar as the other employees in the organization. He never put any employee below him. In his views each member of the company has an equal and relevant value in the organization. In this way, the employees of the Costco remained motivated and satisfied with the leadership style followed by him. He tried to maintain good relations with the employees by helping, guiding, teaching, coaching, and motivating them up to a great extent. He understood the need s and wants of customers and guides the entire employees to work according to the customers need. He established strong and honest relationship in the organization that will last forever (Courtemanche Carden, 2011). In his views, if the leader is able to create loyal workforce then it would be the best thing for each and every organization. He knows that his organization is paying more wages and salary to their employees but he was not at all upset by this point. They pay fair and right wages to their employees that reflect that Costco knows the importance and value of their employees. Jim Sinegal was an authentic leader who always supports authenticity in the organizations. As he knows that the employees deserved to be paid more than other organizations. He also knows that loyalty always paid off. He noticed that the turnover of the organization was very less, the satisfaction level of the employees was very high and the customers were also happy with the management of Costco (Cascio, 2006). It was believed by Jim Sinegal that the companys name was called by on a first-name basis with everyone. Evident related to the above statement are- They adapt the law, rules and regulations so that the work can be done within a legal framework. He members of the company have a trust that can be reflected by the performance done by them. For the growth and development of the staff, it is relevant to give challenges and opportunities in which they analyze the type of caliber ad potential in them. Challenges also help in the growth of the organization. The leadership style of Jim Sinegal was not only effective for the internal organization but also for the eternal members linked to it. like the business partners, stakeholders, suppliers, customers, etc. He believed in win-win situations. They reward the shareholders and distribute the dividends on time. According to him, if a company wants to achieve competitive advantage then the first requirement is to make the internal management happy. The internal management of the company reflects the employees and employers of the company. To make them happy, Costco and Jim Sinegal made a strategy related to the higher (Townsend, 2011). References Avolio, B. J., Yammarino, F. J. (2013). Transformational and charismatic leadership: The road ahead. Emerald Group Publishing. Cascio, W. F. (2006). Decency means more than always low prices: A comparison of Costco to Wal-Mart's Sam's club. The Academy of Management Perspectives, 20(3), 26-37. Courtemanche, C. Carden, A. (2011). Competing with Costco and Sam's Club. Cambridge, Mass.: National Bureau of Economic Research. Dent, E. B., Higgins, M. E., Wharff, D. M. (2005). Spirituality and leadership: An empirical review of definitions, distinctions, and embedded assumptions. The leadership quarterly, 16(5), 625-653. Gardner, W. L., Cogliser, C. C., Davis, K. M., et.al. (2011). authentic leadership: A review of the literature and research agenda. The Leadership Quarterly, 22(6), 1120-1145. Geier, K., (2013). The secret of Costcos success reveled!, [Online], Accessed on: 7 November 2016, Available at: https://washingtonmonthly.com/2013/06/09/the-secret-of-costcos-success-revealed-hint-no-mbas-need-apply/#. Heymann, J., Barrera, M., c (2016). how businesses can profit from raising compensation at the bottom, [Online], Accessed on: 7 November 2016, Available at: https://iveybusinessjournal.com/publication/how-businesses-can-profit-from-raising-compensation-at-the-bottom/ Hitzhesen, J., (2016). Costco case analysis @ recommendations- Capstone, [Online], Accessed on: 7 November 2016, Available at: https://portfolium.com/entry/business-strategy-integration-capstone Hoek, J., (2013). What is employee commitment?, [Online], Accessed on: 7 November 2016, Available at: https://www.effectory.com/thought-leadership/knowledge-center/what-is-employee-commitment/ Kissinger, D., (2015). Costcos operations management, 10 decisions, productivity, [Online], Accessed on: 7 November 2016, Available at: panmore.com/costco-wholesale-operations-management-10-decisions-areas-productivity Lutz, A., (2014). Costcos simple strategy for outperforming Wal-Mart and target, [Online], and Accessed on: 7 November 2016, Available at: https://www.businessinsider.in/Costcos-Simple-Strategy-For-Outperforming-Wal-Mart-And-Target/articleshow/43915666.cms Neustadt, R. E. (1980). Presidential power: The politics of leadership from FDR to Carter (pp. 94-95). New York: Wiley. Pallarito, K. (2012). News: Competing with Costco: Is it Time to Unbundle Prices? The Hearing Journal, 65(4), 24-26. Stippler, M. (2011). Leadership. [Gutersloh, Germany]: Verlag Bertelsmann Sifting. Ross, S., (2016) Warren Buffets moat: How sustainable is Costcos competitive advantage? (Cost), [Online], Accessed on: 7 November 2016, Available at: https://www.investopedia.com/articles/insights/050716/warren-buffetts-moat-how-sustainable-costcos-competitive-advantage-cost.asp Townsend, T. (2011). School leadership in the twenty-first century: different approaches to common problems?. School Leadership Management, 31(2), 93-103. https://dx.doi.org/10.1080/13632434.2011.572419 Vitez, O., (2016). The impact of leadership on organizational performance, [Online], Accessed on: 7 November 2016, Available at: https://smallbusiness.chron.com/impact-leadership-organizational-performance-2970.html Van, D., Hogg, M. A. (2004). Leadership and power: Identity processes in groups and organizations. Sage. Van, M. (2010). Two Approaches to Leadership Studies. Public Administration Review, 70(4), 650-653. https://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1540-6210.2010.02191.x